A recent study by the University of Córdoba highlights how self-efficacy—the belief in one’s ability to succeed—can significantly influence the glycemic control of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Published in the International Journal of Psychology, the research underscores the vital role psychological factors play in managing diabetes and improving overall health.
Self-efficacy, a psychological concept studied extensively by Albert Bandura since the 1980s, not only affects cognitive processes but also shapes behaviors and emotions. The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Córdoba in collaboration with Reina Sofia University Hospital’s Pediatrics and Endocrinology departments, examined over 200 children and adolescents over two years. Researchers used glucose meters to monitor their glycemic levels and conducted surveys assessing psychological variables such as self-efficacy, affective balance, social support, self-esteem, and quality of life.
The findings reveal a strong correlation between high self-efficacy and better glycemic control, especially among adolescents. Joaquín Villaécija, a researcher involved in the study, noted that individuals with higher self-efficacy scores tended to show improved blood glucose levels over time. However, the same correlation was not observed in preadolescent children, likely due to the larger role parents play in managing their children’s diabetes during this stage.
Researchers stress that self-efficacy plays a crucial role in diabetes management. “Diseases like diabetes require behavioral changes, including adherence to treatment, a balanced diet, and physical activity,” explained Bárbara Luque, one of the study’s authors. For adolescents, factors such as identity formation and social integration can add stress, potentially affecting their ability to manage the disease effectively.
In response to these findings, the research team is developing psychoeducational interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy in adolescents. These interventions are designed to offer guidelines that enhance patients’ psychological well-being, ultimately improving their quality of life and diabetes management. The study highlights the importance of incorporating psychological support into diabetes care, particularly for adolescents facing the dual challenge of managing their health and navigating their developmental years.
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