GLP-1 Drugs Show Promise In Protecting Kidneys, Reducing Risk Of Failure

New research from The George Institute of Global Health reveals that GLP-1 receptor agonists—drugs commonly used for obesity and type 2 diabetes—could also play a significant role in preventing kidney failure and deterioration, even in people without diabetes. The findings, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, suggest that these drugs, which are known for their effects on weight loss, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular health, may provide critical protection against chronic kidney disease (CKD).

CKD affects an estimated 850 million people globally and is a leading cause of death, projected to become the fifth most common cause by 2050. Given that diabetes is a known risk factor for CKD, researchers from The George Institute investigated whether GLP-1 receptor agonists could offer additional benefits in preventing kidney disease progression, beyond their use in diabetes management.

Previous research had suggested that GLP-1 receptor agonists might improve kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes, but the impact on kidney failure—end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis or transplantation—had not been fully explored. The new meta-analysis examined data from 11 trials involving more than 85,000 participants, including 17,000 individuals without diabetes.

The results were promising: GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of kidney failure by 16% and the worsening of kidney function by 22% compared to a placebo. The study also showed a 14% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death, heart attacks, and strokes, as well as a 13% lower risk of death from any cause.

“This is the first study to demonstrate a significant reduction in the risk of kidney failure with GLP-1 receptor agonists,” said Sunil Badve, a senior researcher at The George Institute. “While the cardiovascular benefits of these drugs were already well-established, our findings now position GLP-1 receptor agonists as a key class of medications for kidney protection as well.”

The study highlights the dual benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing both kidney and cardiovascular health, offering a potential new therapeutic approach for patients at high risk of kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events. However, Badve cautioned that further studies are needed to confirm these benefits in individuals with high-risk kidney disease or cardiovascular issues who do not have diabetes, as well as in those with type 1 diabetes.

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