Pregnancy is often celebrated as a joyous and life-changing experience. Yet, it also brings with it certain medical challenges that require vigilance and informed care. From gestational diabetes to preeclampsia, understanding common pregnancy complications and how to prevent them is vital for safeguarding the health of both mother and child.
Dr. Aruna Kalra, Director of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, underscores the importance of proactive prenatal care. “Staying informed and taking preventive steps can significantly reduce pregnancy-related risks,” she says.
Gestational Diabetes: Managing Blood Sugar During Pregnancy
Gestational diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels rise during pregnancy, especially in women with risk factors such as obesity, a family history of diabetes, or a history of the condition in previous pregnancies. Dr. Kalra advises routine prenatal screening to ensure early detection.
“Adopting a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and consistently monitoring blood glucose levels are essential strategies to manage and prevent gestational diabetes,” she explains.
Preeclampsia: Monitoring Blood Pressure is Critical
Preeclampsia, characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage—often to the kidneys—typically emerges after the 20th week of pregnancy. Left untreated, it can pose serious health risks.
To mitigate these risks, Dr. Kalra recommends a balanced, low-sodium diet, regular exercise, and strict adherence to prenatal appointments to monitor blood pressure and detect any early signs of trouble.
Preterm Labour: Addressing the Triggers
Preterm labour, defined as labour beginning before 37 weeks of gestation, can be caused by infections, multiple pregnancies, or structural issues in the uterus or cervix. Dr. Kalra stresses the importance of avoiding smoking and effectively managing stress to lower the risk.
“Early symptoms like frequent contractions or fluid leakage require immediate medical attention,” she adds.
Anaemia: Combating Iron Deficiency
Iron-deficiency anaemia is a prevalent concern during pregnancy, resulting from the body’s increased demand for iron. Symptoms such as fatigue can escalate into delivery complications if left unaddressed.
Dr. Kalra advises a diet rich in iron-laden foods like leafy greens, lentils, and fortified cereals, along with prescribed iron supplements, to maintain healthy haemoglobin levels.
Miscarriage: Reducing Modifiable Risks
Although not always preventable, certain risk factors for miscarriage—such as uncontrolled diabetes, infections, and lifestyle habits like smoking—can be managed. Comprehensive prenatal care, abstaining from alcohol and drug use, and closely following medical guidance are key to minimizing miscarriage risks.
The Power of Prenatal Care
Dr. Kalra emphasizes that regular prenatal check-ups remain the cornerstone of a healthy pregnancy. Alongside medical evaluations, maintaining a nutritious diet, staying hydrated, ensuring adequate rest, and managing stress are equally important.
“Every pregnancy comes with its own set of challenges,” Dr. Kalra notes. “But with awareness and proactive care, many complications can be effectively managed. Open communication with healthcare providers is essential—early intervention is always better than a delayed response.”
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