Weight loss medications have shown significant health improvements for many individuals, but those with diabetes must navigate specific considerations. A recent expert panel offered strategies to maximize the benefits of these medications while ensuring overall well-being.
Understanding Weight Loss Medications
Dr. Kelly Brownell, a professor and director emeritus of the World Food Policy Center at Duke University, led the panel, which included Dr. Lisa Neff from Eli Lilly, registered dietitian Lorena Drago, and exercise physiologist Dr. John Jakicic.
Dr. Neff explained that weight loss medications operate by targeting receptors for two key hormones: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which help regulate appetite and blood sugar levels.
For instance, tirzepatide (known as Mounjaro for diabetes treatment and Zepbound for obesity) activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, while semaglutide (Ozempic for diabetes and Wegovy for weight loss) focuses solely on GLP-1 receptors. These medications facilitate better blood sugar management by decreasing liver glucose production and enhancing insulin release during high blood sugar levels.
Nutritional Considerations on Weight Loss Medications
Dr. Neff emphasized the importance of consuming nutrient-dense foods while on weight loss medications, as caloric intake may decrease. Recommended foods include lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which are crucial for energy production and overall health.
Both Dr. Neff and Drago highlighted the need for adequate dietary fiber and protein to support well-being during weight loss.
The Role of Exercise
Physical activity is essential in mitigating potential muscle loss while losing weight. Dr. Jakicic noted that even brief exercise sessions can yield significant health benefits. He suggested integrating short walks into daily routines—such as taking several 5 to 10-minute walks throughout the day—as an effective strategy.
For those facing mobility challenges, Dr. Jakicic recommended resistance training, using resistance bands at home, or performing seated exercises. He also encouraged finding enjoyable, personalized activities to promote sustained engagement in exercise.
Addressing Side Effects of Weight Loss Medications
Patients using weight loss medications may experience side effects, such as nausea or gastrointestinal discomfort. The panel recommended taking time to eat and opting for smaller, more frequent meals. Dr. Drago suggested trying room-temperature foods and avoiding high-fat options, while also advising individuals to wait to drink liquids until after meals to ease nausea. High-fiber fruits and vegetables can help combat constipation.
Consulting healthcare professionals is crucial for managing side effects, as dosage or dietary adjustments may be necessary.
Prioritizing Mental Health
While weight loss can lead to health improvements, some individuals may encounter mental health challenges, including mood changes or shifts in social dynamics. Dr. Neff noted that increased attention to body image following weight loss can be uncomfortable, emphasizing the importance of seeking support from healthcare professionals.
Recognizing obesity as a complex chronic disease, Dr. Neff urged individuals to understand that they are not alone and that mental health support is available. The American Board of Obesity Medicine can help connect patients with certified clinicians.
Conclusion
Incretin-based medications designed for diabetes treatment can also aid in weight management. However, focusing on diet, nutrition, and physical activity remains essential, especially when caloric intake is reduced.
Side effects such as fatigue or gastrointestinal issues should prompt consultation with healthcare providers for possible adjustments. Incorporating enjoyable physical activities can significantly contribute to muscle and cardiovascular health.
Furthermore, individuals facing mental health challenges associated with weight loss should seek professional support. As Dr. Neff stated, those living with overweight or obesity deserve equitable care comparable to that provided for any chronic disease.
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