Prediabetes, once considered a concern primarily for adults, is increasingly affecting children, with diagnoses continuing to rise. A recent study revealed that the prevalence of prediabetes in adolescents aged 12 to 19 more than doubled between 1999 and 2018, with approximately 1 in 5 children in this age group now classified as prediabetic.
While prediabetes is reversible with proper lifestyle changes, without intervention, it puts children at a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Understanding the root causes of the condition, identifying risk factors, and taking proactive steps to support children’s health are essential for prevention.
Key Risk Factors for Prediabetes
Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are elevated but not high enough to be considered type 2 diabetes. Research shows that being overweight, obese, and physically inactive are major contributors to prediabetes. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, excessive screen time, and diets high in processed foods have exacerbated the childhood obesity epidemic, which leads to insulin resistance and a higher likelihood of prediabetes.
Screening for Prediabetes
The Pediatric Endocrine Society and the American Diabetes Association recommend screening children at high risk for prediabetes. The appropriate tests include the A1c test, fasting plasma glucose, and/or an oral glucose tolerance test. Children are considered high-risk if they meet these criteria:
Age 10 or older (or younger if puberty has started) and overweight (BMI in the 85th percentile or higher)
At least two of the following risk factors:
Family history of diabetes
Belonging to a high-risk racial or ethnic group (Native American, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Pacific Islander)
Signs of insulin resistance (e.g., acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, small for gestational age at birth, or a mother with gestational diabetes)
After screening, a child’s healthcare provider will determine if the test results indicate prediabetes or are within a normal range. It’s important to note that abnormal results don’t necessarily indicate prediabetes or diabetes, so discussions with a provider are crucial for determining the next steps.
Preventive Action: A Family Approach
Being physically active and making healthier food choices are the most effective ways to reduce the risk of prediabetes. When the whole family adopts these changes, it creates a supportive environment that fosters lifelong healthy habits. Here are practical ways to incorporate healthy changes into your family routine:
Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables: Prioritize whole fruits over dried or juiced options and include a variety of vegetables.
Choose whole grains: Swap refined grains like white bread for whole-grain alternatives.
Enjoy diverse protein sources: Include chicken, lean beef, fish, eggs, beans, tofu, and lentils.
Switch to low-fat dairy: Opt for low-fat or fat-free milk and yogurt.
Cook together: Involve children in meal planning and preparation to encourage their interest in healthy foods.
Family meals: Eat together, minimizing distractions like TV and phones, and share the day’s events.
Stay active together: Engage in outdoor activities such as walking, biking, or sports.
Rethink drinks: Replace sugary beverages with water infused with fresh fruit.
Try new cooking methods: For example, roast vegetables like broccoli with garlic and seasonings for a new twist.
Learn More
For additional resources on developing healthy eating and physical activity habits, visit Parkview Health’s Nutrition & Recipes and Sports & Exercise sections. For questions on screening and early intervention, contact your primary care provider or schedule an appointment at 877-774-8632. You can also reach Parkview Diabetes Care Services at 260-373-4280 to speak with a diabetes educator, registered dietitian, or lifestyle change specialist.
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